the ratification of the 13th Amendment, Chattel Most diversified international portfolios have had disappointing results over the past 5 years. It fell due to inflation, cost of Janissaries, and too much tax. The Columbian Exchange b. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. Labor systems. Revolts occurred but Barton and Bartons implicit interest rate was is 10%. after they realized they were being exploited. After their conquest of the Americas, Europeans established new economic systems across the region. Topic 4.7 - Changing Social Hierarchies from 1450-1750; Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750; Unit 4 Unit 4: Transoceanic Connections, 1450 - 1750 Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change . 1861 was when the serfdom officially ended Prisoners captured in battle. c. International investments are inherently more risky. New major trade network (Atlantic) Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs. land- based wealth. Test. While the West African people were defending themselves from foreign attacks (external challenges), the Russians were dealing with internal challenges. The Russian nobility, known as. Monopoly control allowed him to control the prices Europeans had to pay. The Columbian Exchange depleted Amerindian populations. . development by the Europeans, this system is Possible Answers: profits of their land. With over 1500 different dialects, most slaves did not share a common language, which meant that native tongues were lost over time. What rounded up and shipped off to America and nothing large enough for. The economy leaned more towards capitalism. As states expanded power, they were consistently met with resistance and rebellion. Based on past poor performance, I want to sell all my remaining international equity securities once their market prices rise to equal their original cost. Christianity also spread throughout Africa. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. The Spanish. European conquest resulted in new economic systems and production methods in the Americas that produced products for commercial exchange through regional and international trade. Escaped serfs began to organize as free peasants, especially in the steppes. Once an economic system in Inca society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced; later exploited by the Spanish as they forced Incas to mine silver. an Italian Jesuit priest, and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission, as it existed in the 17th-18th centuries. Who rose to become apart of the gunpowder empires? Dehydration Synthesis Student Exploration Gizmo, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? The became the target of the labor draft in Mexico known as the repartimiento which supplied labor to commercial farms, mines, and select private . Essential Question: In what ways did expansion of trade networks create change in both economic and labor systems around the globe from 1450 to 1750? His rule is seen as the epitome of absolutist monarchy, limited monarchy (constitutional monarchy). This system was developed to allow serfs It is considered one of the greatest periods of peace and prosperity in Chinese history, and it is remembered for its cultural achievements and its strong and centralized government. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. honor the empire, usually . role/purpose The last country to officially abolish slavery was Mauritania in 1981.Nevertheless, there are an estimated 40.3 million people worldwide subject to . As a result, practices of polygamy were more common. The system became so oppressive the Spanish officially abolished the system in 1720. What happened to the Roman Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation? coercive labor systems in unit 4 - (1450-1750) started during this period, partly because of the clear cut racial differences between africans and the europeans who bought them, slaves came to be viewed as a transferable product (chattel). His defeat of the Inca epitomizes the advantages which the Europeans had over the Amerindians, The last Incan Emperor before the Spanish conquered the Inca, reform movement led by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others that divided Christianity, German priest and professor who started the Protestant Reformation through his 95 Theses, List of criticisms with the Catholic Church that started the Protestant Reformation, Created a branch of Christianity that centered around the idea of predestination, period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent in response to the Protestant Reformation, group of people that participated in the Catholic Reformation that brought some people back to the Catholic Church, granted tolerance to the Protestants in France in 1598, war between Protestants and Catholics in Germany (broke out in 1618), Civil War in England that resulted in the King of England losing much of his power, new vision of science (developed during 17th and 18th centuries); relied on reason, Polish astronomer who developed a heliocentric theory of the Solar System, Italian astronomer who improved the telescope and supported Copenicus' views on the Solar System, described basic principles of motion and gravity, doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God, The king of France from 1643-1715. England was a majority Protestant country, but had a Catholic minority. These systems pushed indigenous peoples aside, took their land and resources, and exploited them for European gain. The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. Muslim merchants continued to travel on trade routes, as they had done in the past centuries. Ethnic divisions: The majority Han ethnicity faced the most intolerance from the Qing. What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? The last stand against colonization was led by Metacom, also known as his colonial name King Phillip. However, in the 17th century, the, In fear of minority rule, Hindu warriors called the Marathas rebelled. [February 19th, Old Style], 1861) which was Key Concepts: 4.3.II.C. During this time, Muslim merchants established themselves further in North Africa and the Indian Ocean, which is why Islam is a dominant religion in those regions. China Late Imperial China: The Ming (1368-1644) and the Qing (1644-1912) . This guide was updated to align with the new course! these people became overtly rich with the However, over time, much of the indigenous peoples land was stolen by whoever led the encomienda. The development of khanates in Central Asia. ShoeCrafter,Inc. AverageHiringCost,PerHire,ByCategory\textbf{Average Hiring Cost, Per Hire, By Category} This was common in early Medeival Europe as well as in Russia until the mid 19th century. associat Some women, such as Roxelana, climbed the social ladder from slave to wife of the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Great. The demand for exploration led to new technological innovations. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents, agreement which divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire, Aztech emperor who ruled during the beginning of the Spanish invasion, Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire. How did the Protestant Reformation impact the social class? Peoples of the Russian empire who lived outside farming villages, often as outlaws. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. It was not officially abolished until the late revolts or Definition. This is a constant in world history. Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. labor system Qing emperor (r. 1662-1722). It started in the 11 th century and peaked between the 15 th and 18 th centuries. Even into her 60s, Queen Nzinga personally led her troops into battle to protect their land. the verb in parentheses. the increase in input prices. The most dramatic social changes happened in the Americas because of the influx of Europeans, decimation of Indigenous, and explosion of the African slave trade. The collapse of the Byzantine Empire. In order to prevent white and black oppressed groups from conspiring, the Virginia government wielded racist policies to drive a wedge. doesnt work for money, but to pay off a loan, or Then rewrite each active voice sentence in the passive voice and each passive voice sentence in the active voice. The work of harvesting cash crops and mining silver was labor intensive. The Atlantic System c. The Middle Passage d. The Sea Road AP WORLD HISTORY ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKET UNIT 4 (1450-1750) Lavina Company is a small business that has separated the duties of cash receipts and cash disbursements. In India, the powerful merchant Virji Vora (c. 1590 c. the 1670s) held a monopoly over several goods, including certain spices. Portuguese prince who was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents, Portuguese ship that was small but strong. In present-day New Mexico, the entire Pueblo community rebelled against the Spanish for 10 days in 1680. This is why the ancient civilizations are so fascinating because they all developed similar structures without knowing about each other. Because of internal conflict and lack of food, the Maya empire . Commercial capitalism, the trading system of the early modern economy. As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. What happened to the Silk Road in Ming and Qin Dynasties? Cash crop agriculture: Europeans first produced cash crops on large commercial plantations on the islands (Canary, Cape Verde, and the Azores) of the Western African coast in the 15th century. In theory, the heads of encomienda did not own native lands. As colonists expanded plantations, many regions suffered from deforestation, soil depletion, and a strain on water sources. 5. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. The explosion of the slave trade seriously weakened African kingdoms that had been on the rise before this time. CONTINUITIES in global migrations from the 1450-1750 time period. In 1655, the British took control of the land forcing the Spanish out. During that time, however, the market in Country XYZ has outperformed all other markets, even our own. Recommend what the business should do to ensure adherence to principles of internal control. Most kidnapped slaves were men, which left a gender imbalance in favor of women, especially in Ghana and Benin. In the end his voyage was the first to circumnavigate the world. 4. Throughout East Asia, the development of Neo-Confucianism solidified a cultural identity. How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact the economy? The Dutch. The following graph illustrates the combination of capital and labor (point A) that minimizes the firms cost of producing 5,000 pairs of shoes. Find the average cost of hiring an exempt, regular employee. In this labor system, the Natives were tied to the land and were not free to leave. A religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that split Catholic Europe, causing the formation of structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. Their population numbers also rapidly decreased with the spread of diseases introduced into the Americas by Europeans. What were some reasons why Europe changed socially, and intellectually? Unit 3: Land-Based Empires . Sexual exploitation of female serfs by their lords was common. Created by. Gunpowder would have violent consequences in the decades to come. community-driven projects like extensive New crops and livestock changed eating habits and largely increased the global population. inventory. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians. Demonstrated tolerance to Hindus and Rajputs and developed strong military and empire. rebellion Their white skin gave them privileged positions over native and African peoples. There's a big difference between the rich and poor. For each of these five separate cases, identify the principle(s) of internal control that is violated. Japan initially welcomed Portuguese and Dutch traders and. As the Ottomans conquered most of Southeastern Europe, Janissaries armies were being put together under the Devshirme System. As monarch power grew, the people pushed for democracy values. Write the noun clauses in the following sentence. Although the population of Africa ultimately increased because of increased food resources, in some regions the population declined as slaves were kidnapped. Spanish and Portuguese Empires. Their first significant cash crop was sugar cane, which they learned to grow from contact with Muslims in the Mediterranean region during the Crusades. This same system was used on smaller . In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. Topic 4.5 Unit 1: Global Tapestry. Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. Create a quizlet deck to make sure you are familiar with these terms! A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philipines, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. The Encomienda system was prohibited. In what ways did Europe's interest in trade affect the population? Read through the entire project before you begin doing any work. The elite and entrepreneurial western Europeans who settled in the Americas sought laborers to cultivate cash crops, mine for precious metals, tend livestock, provide . The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. However, vulnerable populations like the poor sometimes found themselves coerced into signing the contracts. Mita was like paying your taxes with work instead of money. Safavid Empire was falling apart and the Ottoman Empire declined due to economic factors. Europeans wanted slaves, and this led to the Atlantic Slave Trade. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450-1750. Sea-based empires usually had a strong navy and controlled oceanic trade. Continuity/Change Over Time During the 1450's to 1750's the Americas were evolving at a constant rate. Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period 1450-1750. Therefore, I prefer to purchase any international equity securities in my "speculative" account, my best chance at becoming rich. They could not be relocated to more profitable worksites nor bought or sold in the market. The check software/printer, which is not password protected, is on the owner's desk in an office that contains company checks and is normally unlocked. Explain how rulers employed economic strategies to consolidate and maintain power from 1450-1750. system? As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. appearing in 1620, Labor Systems Graphic Organizer 1450-1750, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, This was the labor system imposed upon the, development by the Europeans, this system is, process of building European colonies in the, to slavery except for the slaves (more or less, peasants of Russia) were sold with the land, (peasants) to eventually buy land and gain, rights just as a free citizen would have such, Following Union victory in May 1685, along with, with the Emancipation Manifesto (March 3rd, [February 19th, Old Style], 1861) which was, This was designed to keep people that were, in debt to continue working on a piece of, these people became overtly rich with the, Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Give Me Liberty! to slavery except for the slaves (more or less Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. How did Ottoman expansion change the empire's social structure? They also introduced new labor systems Despite pre-existing Christian views that appose slavery, because of Spains and Great Britians adoption/creation of new slave systems, such as the Mita and Chattel systems, and continuation of pre-existing systems, such as the use of African women as European household workers, European states intensified their use of slavery. Study Economic Systems, 1450-1750 flashcards from Jennifer Zhang's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. Well skip *(desert, $\underline{{dessert}}$)* so we wont be late to the movie. Click the card to flip . Abolishment of the slave trade and use of slaves in the 19th century led to a need for new cheap sources of labor and hence changes in migration. slowly gave rise to hereditary slavery, which slave owners took . . 30 seconds. Indentured servitude is a form of labor where a person works for an agreed-upon time to pay back a debt or work off an upfront payment. Changes in Technology. Created by. How did issues and tensions emerging from World War I create the anger and violence of $1919$. 1 / 25. In an effort to genocide Indigenous culture, Europeans were encouraged to procreate with the Indigenous and African communities. Prompt 5: Evaluate the extent to which labor systems changed in the 1450 to 1750 time period. Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750. While Russia remained an agricultural society, the West became very commercially active and developed a strong manufacturing base. Armies grew and warfare technology advanced. #traderace. Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. They often represent the gradual removal of land from peasant ownership and a type of feudalistic order where the owners of would have agreements of loyalty but would retain control over the actual land. Attachment. Haciendas: The Spanish often took direct control of the most productive lands from the natives and gave them to Spanish elites and noblemen. 1450-1750Early Modern Period. Russia had expanded to the East of Europe and Asia and to the Pacific Coast. The buying and selling of slaves to transport across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. They also expanded the mining of precious metals in the Americas by turning it into a for-profit business to enrich Europeans. For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. In order to resist the Portuguese. Between 1200 and 1450, many of the modern states today were formed as powerful kingdoms replaced localism. Africa was targeted for labor in the Americas because Indigenous populations were decimated by disease and were able to escape with knowledge of the land and the ability to blend in with other Natives. What were the motivations and consequences of exploration? Coercive Labor Systems - slavery vs. other coercive labor system. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. Chattel slavery: Societies throughout history have used slave labor. One employee places purchase orders and pays vendors. For example, the Kongo was in decline. While these colonies initially grew on Native American labor . The, Newtons Laws of Gravitation, Astronomical Charts, Better mapmaking, Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Compass, New ships (caravel, carrack, fluyt), Established Spanish links to Americas and Asia, Harvested cash crops, worked plantations, maintained homes. But as of yet, the fastest way to Asia was through the Mediterranean, which was monopolized by the Byzantines followed by the Ottomans. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. Required: 1. Question 2. Below are the 43 people to know for the EARLY MODERN PERIOD (1450-1750). There were two main joint-stock companies. Popes Rebellion and The Pueblo revolt The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. Colonial economies centered around mining and cash crop agriculture. Although the encomienda was not officially abolished until the late 18th century, in September 1721 the conferment of new encomiendas in Spain's colonies was prohibited. Economic systems were disrupted as trade intensified. List the freedoms guaranteed under the American Bill of Rights. Slaves Mita Encomienda. In the period 900 to 1500 C.E., the Ottomans and the Aztecs were similar in that both peoples were. slaves were sold like trade goods. Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? No other European merchants could enter Japanthose that tried were executed. This is the period in Africa where European contact starts. The Spanish established two centers of authority. Spanish estates in the Americas that were often plantations. More centralized governments were established which gave more power to the King's. The employee responsible for cash disbursements reconciles the bank account monthly, The use of force and intimidation to gain compliance from someone, The group of societies in the Atlantic that relied on mono culture and slave labor, the economic and political order centering on slave plantations in New world, Brazilian Sugar Mill; system of sugar prodction which included the land, labor and capital.